[ztzt]Big Bang，今天诞生了个诺贝尔奖[;)]（图）
<br /="/"/><div><a href="http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_SCI_EARLY_UNIVERSE?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2014-03-17-17-16-00">http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_SCI_EARLY_UNIVERSE?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2014-03-17-17-16-00</a></div><div><br /="/"/> <p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><br /="/"/></span></p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; margin-bottom: 5px;">Evidence spotted for universe's early growth spurt</span></p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(34, 34, 34) !important;">By <span><span>MALCOLM RITTER </span></span></span><br /="/"/><span style="margin-bottom: 10px;">AP Science Writer</span></p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><br /="/"/></span></p></div><div><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">NEW YORK (AP) -- Researchers say they have spotted evidence that a split-second after the Big Bang, the newly formed universe ballooned out at a pace so astonishing that it left behind ripples in the fabric of the cosmos.</p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">If confirmed, experts said, the discovery would be a major advance in the understanding of the early universe. Although many scientists already believed that an initial, extremely rapid growth spurt happened, they have long sought the type of evidence cited in the new study.</p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The results reported Monday emerged after researchers peered into the faint light that remains from the Big Bang of nearly 14 billion years ago.</p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The discovery "gives us a window on the universe at the very beginning," when it was far less than one-trillionth of a second old, said theoretical physicist Lawrence Krauss of Arizona State University, who was not involved in the work.</p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"It's just amazing," Krauss said. "You can see back to the beginning of time."</p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Marc Kamionkowski, a theoretical physicist at Johns Hopkins University who did not participate in the research, said the finding is "not just a home run. It's a grand slam."</p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He and other experts said the results must be confirmed by other observations, a standard caveat in science.</p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Right after the Big Bang, the universe was a hot soup of particles. It took about 380,000 years to cool enough that the particles could form atoms, then stars and galaxies. Billions of years later, planets formed from gas and dust that were orbiting stars. The universe has continued to spread out.</p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Krauss said he thinks the new results could rank among the greatest breakthroughs in astrophysics over the last 25 years, such as the Nobel prize-winning discovery that the universe's expansion is accelerating.</p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Monday's findings were announced by a collaboration that included researchers from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the University of Minnesota, Stanford University, the California Institute of Technology and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The team plans to submit its conclusions to a scientific journal this week, said its leader, John Kovac of Harvard.</p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Astronomers scanned about 2 percent of the sky for three years with a telescope at the South Pole, where the air is exceptionally dry.</p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">They were looking for a specific pattern in light waves within the faint microwave glow left over from the Big Bang. The pattern has long been considered evidence of rapid growth, known as inflation. Kovac called it "the smoking-gun signature of inflation."</p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The reported detection suggests that "inflation has sent us a telegram," Kamionkowski said.</p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The researchers say the light-wave pattern was caused by gravitational waves, which are ripples in space and time. If verified, the new work would be the first detection of such waves from the birth of the universe, which have been called the first tremors of the Big Bang.</p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Krauss cautioned that the light-wave pattern might not be a sign of inflation, although he stressed that it's "extremely likely" that it is. The pattern is "our best hope" for a direct test of whether the rapid growth spurt happened, he said.</p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Alan Guth of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a creator of the idea of inflation, said the findings already suggest that some ideas about the rapid expansion of the universe can be ruled out.</p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">It had not been clear whether the light-wave pattern would be detectable even if inflation really happened, he said, but luckily "nature is cooperating with us, laying out its cards in a way that we can see them."</p><p style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br /="/"/></p></div><div><br /="/"/></div><div><br /="/"/></div><a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-26605974">http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-26605974</a><div><br /="/"/></div><div><h1 style="color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 34px; margin: 3px -160px 13px 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 2.461em; clear: both; position: relative; width: 623px; letter-spacing: -1px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Cosmic inflation: 'Spectacular' discovery hailed</h1><span style="color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; display: block; position: relative; padding: 0px 0px 12px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(216, 216, 216); margin: -1px -160px 21px 0px; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 1.231em; font-weight: bold; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; display: block; padding-bottom: 2px; margin-bottom: 0px;">By Jonathan Amos</span><span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0px;">Science correspondent, BBC News</span></span></div><div><p idx="story_continues_1" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Scientists say they have extraordinary new evidence to support a Big Bang Theory for the origin of the Universe.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Researchers believe they have found the signal left in the sky by the super-rapid expansion of space that must have occurred just fractions of a second after everything came into being.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">It takes the form of a distinctive twist in the oldest light detectable with telescopes.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://bicepkeck.org/index.html#papers" style="color: rgb(74, 113, 148); line-height: 16px; font-weight: bold;">The work will be scrutinised carefully</a>, but already there is talk of a Nobel.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"This is spectacular," commented Prof Marc Kamionkowski, from Johns Hopkins University.</p><p idx="story_continues_2" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"I've seen the research; the arguments are persuasive, and the scientists involved are among the most careful and conservative people I know," he told BBC News.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The breakthrough was announced by an American team working on a project known as <a href="http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/CMB/bicep2/" style="color: rgb(74, 113, 148); line-height: 16px; font-weight: bold;">BICEP2</a>.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">This has been using a telescope at the South Pole to make detailed observations of a small patch of sky.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The aim has been to try to find a residual marker for "inflation" - the idea that the cosmos experienced an exponential growth spurt in its first trillionth, of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second.<div style="color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; position: relative; clear: both; float: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><input /="/" alt="BICEP data" height="351" src="http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/73634000/jpg/_73634672_73634671.jpg" style="CURSOR:default" type="image" width="624"/><span style="display: block; width: 624px;">Gravitational waves from inflation put a distinctive twist pattern in the polarisation of the CMB</span></div></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Theory holds that this would have taken the infant Universe from something unimaginably small to something about the size of a marble. Space has continued to expand for the nearly 14 billion years since.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Inflation was first proposed in the early 1980s to explain some aspects of Big Bang Theory that appeared to not quite add up, such as why deep space looks broadly the same on all sides of the sky. The contention was that a very rapid expansion early on could have smoothed out any unevenness.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But inflation came with a very specific prediction - that it would be associated with waves of gravitational energy, and that these ripples in the fabric of space would leave an indelible mark on the oldest light in the sky -<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-21866464" style="color: rgb(74, 113, 148); line-height: 16px; font-weight: bold;">the famous Cosmic Microwave Background</a>.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The BICEP2 team says it has now identified that signal. Scientists call it B-mode polarisation. It is a characteristic twist in the directional properties of the CMB. Only the gravitational waves moving through the Universe in its inflationary phase could have produced such a marker. It is a true "smoking gun".</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Speaking at the press conference to announce the results, Prof John Kovac of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and a leader of the BICEP2 collaboration, said: "This is opening a window on what we believe to be a new regime of physics - the physics of what happened in the first unbelievably tiny fraction of a second in the Universe."</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(80, 80, 80); line-height: 16px; display: block; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-size: 1.231em; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">Completely astounded</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The signal is reported to be quite a bit stronger than many scientists had dared hope. This simplifies matters, say experts. It means the more exotic models for how inflation worked are no longer tenable.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The results also constrain the energies involved - at 10,000 trillion gigaelectronvolts. This is consistent with ideas for what is termed Grand Unified Theory, the realm where particle physicists believe three of the four fundamental forces in nature can be tied together.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But by associating gravitational waves with an epoch when quantum effects were so dominant, scientists are improving their prospects of one day pulling the fourth force - gravity itself - into a Theory of Everything.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The sensational nature of the discovery means the BICEP2 data will be subjected to intense peer review.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">It is possible for the interaction of CMB light with dust in our galaxy to produce a similar effect, but the BICEP2 group says it has carefully checked its data over the past three years to rule out such a possibility.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Other experiments will now race to try to replicate the findings. If they can, a Nobel Prize seems assured for this field of research.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Who this would go to is difficult to say, but leading figures on the BICEP2 project and the people who first formulated inflationary theory would be in the running.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">One of those pioneers, Prof Alan Guth from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told the BBC: "I have been completely astounded. I never believed when we started that anybody would ever measure the non-uniformities of the CMB, let alone the polarisation, which is now what we are seeing.</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"I think it is absolutely amazing that it can be measured and also absolutely amazing that it can agree so well with inflation and also the simplest models of inflation - nature did not have to be so kind and the theory didn't have to be right."</p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.077em; text-rendering: auto; clear: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">British scientist Dr Jo Dunkley, who has been searching through data from the <a href="http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Planck" style="color: rgb(74, 113, 148); line-height: 16px; font-weight: bold;">European Planck space telescope</a> for a B-mode signal, commented: "I can't tell you how exciting this is. Inflation sounds like a crazy idea, but everything that is important, everything we see today - the galaxies, the stars, the planets - was imprinted at that moment, in less than a trillionth of a second. If this is confirmed, it's huge."<div style="color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-family: Arial, Helmet, Freesans, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; position: relative; clear: both; float: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><input /="/" alt="Big Bang Theory conceptual artwork" height="351" src="http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/73627000/jpg/_73627518_c0141243-big_bang_and_galaxies,_artwork-spl.jpg" style="CURSOR:default" type="image" width="624"/><span style="display: block; width: 624px;">"Everything we see today - the galaxies, the stars, the planets - was imprinted at that moment"</span><span style="display: block; width: 624px;"><br /="/"/></span><span style="display: block; width: 624px;"><br /="/"/></span></div></p></div><div><br /="/"/></div><div><div>http://www.npr.org/blogs/13.7/2014/03/17/290862157/a-new-window-on-the-big-bang-has-been-opened</div><div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: relative; min-height: 1px; width: 804px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px 11px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 3.2rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.125; vertical-align: baseline;">A New Window On The Big Bang Has Been Opened</h1></div><div idx="story-meta" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: relative; min-height: 1px; width: 804px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div idx="storybyline" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.071em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div idx="res290862160" previewtitle="bylines" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: relative; min-height: 1px; width: auto; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); clear: left; background-color: transparent;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">by <span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase;">ADAM FRANK</span></p></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0.8em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">March 17, 2014</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">12:33 PM</span></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 22px auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: relative; min-height: 1px; width: 804px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h5 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 15px 15px 3px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235);">Correction<span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 13px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.3rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">March 17, 2014</span></h5><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.385em; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235);"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.385em; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235);">A previous version of this post incorrectly referred to a decimal point with 35 zeros after it. The correct number of zeros is 34.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.385em; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235);"></p></div><div idx="storytext" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: left; overflow: hidden; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div idx="res290869775" previewtitle="The BICEP2 telescope at twilight, which occurs only twice a year at the South Pole." style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 37px auto 40px; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: relative; min-height: 1px; width: 804px; clear: left; overflow: hidden; max-width: 1120px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><input /="/" alt="The BICEP2 telescope at twilight, which occurs only twice a year at the South Pole." src="http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2014/03/17/bicep2-twilight_custom-bf3ebb723a3327d8ce26749605813cc5f14e7a0d-s40-c85.jpg" style="CURSOR:default" title="The BICEP2 telescope at twilight, which occurs only twice a year at the South Pole." type="image"/></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235); color: rgb(153, 153, 153); height: auto;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow: hidden; width: 774px; background-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 12px 22px 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.3rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.385; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">The <a href="http://bicepkeck.org/visuals.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(109, 138, 196); -webkit-user-select: none;">BICEP2</a> telescope at twilight, which occurs only twice a year at the South Pole.</p></div></div><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 12px 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; line-height: normal; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; min-height: 22px; background-image: none; color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Steffen Richter</span>/<span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://bicepkeck.org/visuals.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(109, 138, 196); -webkit-user-select: none;">Harvard University</a></span></span></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">It's not every day that a new window on the birth of the universe is thrown open. It's not every day that human beings get the chance to leap into the void and have their conceptions of space and time stretched to the limits. It's not every day that we see the wildest dreams of scientists realized, written into the fabric of space and time and light.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">Today appears to be one of those days.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">The Big Bang has been the dominant theory explaining the history of the universe for more than a half-century. But puzzles inherent in the idea (and in the data) led to a major addition to the theory in the 1980s: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_(cosmology)" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(71, 116, 204); -webkit-user-select: none;">inflationary cosmology</a>. Since then inflation, as it is called, has been a sometimes contentious but stalwart pillar of our cosmic understanding. To get inflation on solid scientific ground however meant finding ways to see farther back in time than ever before.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">And that is what has been <a href="http://www.caltech.edu/content/first-direct-evidence-inflation-and-primordial-gravitational-waves" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(71, 116, 204); -webkit-user-select: none;">announced today</a>.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">To understand the importance of today's discovery (Nobel worthy?) you are going to have to think small ... very, very small. You must wrap your mind around the most tiny, itsy-bitsy, sliver-o-licious, hyper-minuscule fraction of a second you have ever considered in your whole life.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">Try saying this out loud: One hundred million, billion, billion, billion-th of a second after the moment of creation.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">That's what we are talking about. That's what the kind folks at <a href="http://www.caltech.edu/content/building-bicep2-conversation-jamie-bock" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(71, 116, 204); -webkit-user-select: none;">BICEP2</a> may have given us (it will need to be confirmed, of course).</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">It is an indirect view of the universe at approximately one hundred million, billion, billion, billion-th of a second after it was born. Written mathematically, that is 10<span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.5em;">-35</span> of a second or a decimal point with 34 zeros after it, which looks like this:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">T = 0.00000000000000000000000000000000001 second</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">For comparison, when it you mistakenly grab a hot tea kettle it takes a full <a href="http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2002/DavidParizh.shtml" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(71, 116, 204); -webkit-user-select: none;">0.01 second</a> for the electrical signal screaming "DROP IT!" to run from your hand to your brain.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">We are talking about a very, very, very young universe.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">Which finally brings us back to the importance of today's monumental discovery. In the 1980s, Big Bang theory got a major upgrade with the addition of Back then paradoxes and puzzles kept popping up which threatened to topple the Big Bang. Scientists like Alan Guth realized that, in order to make the idea work, there must have been a brief moment very early in cosmic history when a little sliver of post-Big Bang space-time began expanding much faster than its surroundings. Like an inflating balloon blown up by a high-powered compressor, this tiny "pocket" of space-time stretched very, very quickly to become our entire observable universe.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">But almost as rapidly as it began, this period of inflation ended and left us with what we have now: the leisurely expansion we see today. In spite of its brevity, this brief period of Inflation was all-important. It was inflation that set us on the trajectory for everything that has happened afterward: galaxies, stars, planets and us.<div idx="res290870432" previewtitle="The bottom part of this illustration shows the scale of the universe versus time. Specific events are shown such as the formation of neutral Hydrogen at 380,000 years after the big bang. Prior to this time, the constant interaction between matter (electrons) and light (photons) made the universe opaque." style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 37px auto 40px; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: relative; min-height: 1px; width: 804px; clear: left; overflow: hidden; max-width: 1120px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><input /="/" alt="The bottom part of this illustration shows the scale of the universe versus time. Specific events are shown such as the formation of neutral Hydrogen at 380,000 years after the big bang. Prior to this time, the constant interaction between matter (electrons) and light (photons) made the universe opaque." src="http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2014/03/17/history-of-the-universe-bicep2_custom-df63864ad6632bd963d61eed8e3e29f81c7ff9ed-s40-c85.jpg" style="CURSOR:default" title="The bottom part of this illustration shows the scale of the universe versus time. Specific events are shown such as the formation of neutral Hydrogen at 380,000 years after the big bang. Prior to this time, the constant interaction between matter (electrons) and light (photons) made the universe opaque." type="image"/></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: normal; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235); color: rgb(153, 153, 153); height: auto;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-style: none; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow: hidden; width: 774px; background-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 12px 22px 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.3rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.385; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">The bottom part of this illustration shows the scale of the universe versus time. Specific events are shown such as the formation of neutral Hydrogen at 380,000 years after the big bang. Prior to this time, the constant interaction between matter (electrons) and light (photons) made the universe opaque.</p></div></div><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 12px 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; line-height: normal; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; min-height: 22px; background-image: none; color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://bicepkeck.org/visuals.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(109, 138, 196); -webkit-user-select: none;">BICEP2</a></span></span></div></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">But inflation was a contentious idea from start. No one had a firm handle on what the universe was like at such a ridiculously early point in time. The densities and temperatures of cosmic matter were so high that its physics could only be drawn in outlines. While inflation cured many problems for cosmologists, it seemed to lots of researchers like wishful thinking written in advanced math.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">Where was the proof?</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">Over the last few decades a slim kind of proof for inflation arrived via tiny bumps and lumps in the ancient cosmic gas that can be directly observed through what's called the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. The CMB is made of fossil photons left over from the period just 300,000 years after the Big Bang. Lumps and bumps in the density of gas can be traced all the way back to quantum mechanical burps that occurred during inflation. But there are many versions of inflation theory and the proof that came from the density wiggles did not tell us which version was correct or provide many details about the early, early universe. In other words the density wiggles were a blunt instrument.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">Space-time wiggles, though, are another story entirely.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">The violence of the early universe was so extreme that it would leave space-time itself ringing like a bell. Almost as soon as inflation was proposed some scientists predicted that it would leave a "gravity wave" signature.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">Ripples in the fabric of space-time are an essential prediction of Einstein's theory of relativity. While we have never captured a gravity wave directly, we already have indirect proof of their existence by watching how pairs of orbiting pulsars (dead hyper-dense stars) spiral around each other.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">Thus more than two decades ago physicists were predicting the existence of a gravity wave signature for the inflationary epoch. Even more important, by looking at which gravity waves got the most energy scientists could cut through different versions of inflation theory. They could even tell if inflation itself was entirely wrong since there are alternative models for the early universe that don't involve inflation and make different predictions for the gravity wave spectrum.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">So gravity waves are the key. If we could see them (directly or indirectly, as <a href="http://bicep.caltech.edu/public/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(71, 116, 204); -webkit-user-select: none;">BICEP</a> has done) they would represent a way to distinguish between different models for the early universe. And comparing data with models — that is what science is all about, after all.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 80px 1.3em auto; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.6rem; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; position: static; min-height: 1px; width: 690px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); max-width: 690px;">Even on its own, finding new evidence for Einstein's much-sought-after gravity waves is a major achievement. But finding evidence for them from the early universe means we have a new tool for exploring the most extreme, mind-blowing event that ever occurred: the birth of everything. Today it seems that evidence may have been found.</p></div></div><br /="/"/></div><br /="/"/><br /="/"/> <br /="/"/><br /="/"/> <p><div align="right"><font color="#ff0000" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4dfff"> 本贴由[<b>大清太平</b>]最后编辑于：2014-3-17 22:1:22 </font></div><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-BOTTOM:10px"><br /="/"/><img /="/" src="/img/sign.gif"></img><a href="http://www.ddhw.org" target="_top"><span style="FONT-SIZE:12px;COLOR:#999999;font-weight:bold">www.ddhw.org</span></a>---<div style="width:450px;MARGIN-LEFT:10px"><div></div><br /="/"/><input /="/" src="http://farm1.static.flickr.com/159/346109651_87e775379d_o.jpg" style="CURSOR: default" type="image" width="150"/><br /="/"/><br /="/"/></div></div></p>没有注意憋气，出现涟漪了，这宇宙搞摄影不行
<html><head></head><body><br /> 没有注意憋气，出现涟漪了，这宇宙搞摄影不行<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-BOTTOM:10px"><br /><img src="/img/sign.gif" />---<div style="width:450px;MARGIN-LEFT:10px"><div></div><input src="http://i44.tinypic.com/2zhfbjo.gif" style="CURSOR: default" type="image" /><div> </div><div></div></div></div></body></html>还真给抓到了，漂亮。[:-Q][:-Q][:-Q]（图）
<html><head></head><body><table cellpadding="8" height="100%" width="100%"><tr><td valign="top"><br /><div> 漂亮！<br /><span idx="userpost"><input alt="BICEP data" height="351" src="http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/73634000/jpg/_73634672_73634671.jpg" style="CURSOR:default" type="image" width="624" /></span><br /></div><br /><br /> <div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:0;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0;float:left"></div></td></tr></table></body></html>不会是 snap shot 吧？！要不，俺怎么没有拍到？[:-K][:-K][:-K]
<html><head></head><body><br /> 不会是 snap shot 吧？！要不，俺怎么没有拍到？ <img border="0" src="/img/20.gif" /> <img border="0" src="/img/20.gif" /> <img border="0" src="/img/20.gif" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:0;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0;float:left"></div></body></html>三GG的微距跟不上了?[:-K]
<html><head></head><body><br /> 三GG的微距跟不上了? <img border="0" src="/img/20.gif" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:0;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0;float:left"></div></body></html>原来又是个找证据的东东[:-Q]
<html><head></head><body><table cellpadding="8" height="100%" width="100%"><tr><td valign="top"><br /><div> 34个0？<img src="/img/16.gif" style="line-height: 17pt;" /></div><br /><br /> <div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-BOTTOM:10px"><br /><img src="/img/sign.gif" />---<div style="width:450px;MARGIN-LEFT:10px"><div></div><input src="http://music.ddupload.com/show.aspx?id=80716.jpg" style="CURSOR: default" type="image" width="200" /><div> </div><div>拜晴MM所赐, 帅<img src="http://www.topchinesenews.com/img/23.gif" /></div></div></div></td></tr></table></body></html>也武装一个那样的相机，放南极上去[:-K]
<html><head></head><body><br /> 也武装一个那样的相机，放南极上去 <img border="0" src="/img/20.gif" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-BOTTOM:10px"><br /><img src="/img/sign.gif" />---<div style="width:450px;MARGIN-LEFT:10px"><div></div><br /><input src="http://farm1.static.flickr.com/159/346109651_87e775379d_o.jpg" style="CURSOR: default" type="image" width="150" /><br /><br /></div></div></body></html>如果这个相机（或摄像机）对焦于空间一个极小区域，景深应该是无穷大。那么，
<html><head></head><body><table cellpadding="8" height="100%" width="100%"><tr><td valign="top"><br /><div> 如果在其狭窄的光路某处附近有两个，或两个以上周期性出现的大质量星体，它们各自的引力波正好在所摄的光通道里发生干涉呢？</div><br /><br /> <br /><br /> <p><div align="right"><font color="#ff0000" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4dfff"> 本贴由[<b>salmonfish</b>]最后编辑于：2014-3-18 0:6:53 </font></div><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:0;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0;float:left"></div></td></tr></table></body></html>也就是说，换一个方向，或换一个区域，如果还能观察到这种干涉，似乎就更能说明问题了。对吗？
<html><head></head><body><br /> 也就是说，换一个方向，或换一个区域，如果还能观察到这种干涉，似乎就更能说明问题了。对吗？<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:0;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0;float:left"></div></body></html>不明觉厉 [:-Q]
<html><head></head><body><br /> 不明觉厉 <img border="0" src="/img/23.gif" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-BOTTOM:10px"><br /><img src="/img/sign.gif" />---<div style="width:450px;MARGIN-LEFT:10px"><input src="http://tdnazg.bay.livefilestore.com/y1pW3hkijJAabj2ucNbeij8MSwTAm4t-4HOs3iiiWt9Wqsd2iml18wCbzXe86jXQJkNbIIHfCYjYFWNVmnE5mPWkDtCVG9YoQAX/zimages.jpg" style="CURSOR: default" type="image" /></div></div></body></html>查了一下，原来“不明觉厉” 就是“瞎起哄”嘛！还有“喜大普奔”呢。[:-Q][:-Q][:-K]
<html><head></head><body><br /> 查了一下，原来“不明觉厉” 就是“瞎起哄”嘛！还有“喜大普奔”呢。 <img border="0" src="/img/23.gif" /> <img border="0" src="/img/23.gif" /> <img border="0" src="/img/20.gif" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:0;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0;float:left"></div></body></html>这当然不是光学波段的相机，似应为测宇宙的微波背景CMB，其带有宇宙形成之初的信息，所以是微波接收机吧
<html><head></head><body><table cellpadding="8" height="100%" width="100%"><tr><td valign="top"><br />当然啦，在南半球的南极上看到的，应该只是宇宙的一部分。<div>是不是在别的星空能再现，似乎不是最重要的，需要别的类似但原理不一样的仪器也能看到，就大功告成。网上的材料表明，</div><div>当然国际上、甚至于美国国内，都有多个竞争性的团队，也做这个，哈佛的这一队一年前就有了初步结果，也许</div><div>大约别的团队也快出结果了，所以不能再等、再推敲、再验证了<img src="/img/20.gif" style="line-height: 17pt;" /></div><br /><br /> <div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-BOTTOM:10px"><br /><img src="/img/sign.gif" />---<div style="width:450px;MARGIN-LEFT:10px"><div></div><br /><input src="http://farm1.static.flickr.com/159/346109651_87e775379d_o.jpg" style="CURSOR: default" type="image" width="150" /><br /><br /></div></div></td></tr></table></body></html>俺说的光可以是全光谱上的任一段，不是狭义的可见光。微波也是光。
<html><head></head><body><br /> 俺说的光可以是全光谱上的任一段，不是狭义的可见光。微波也是光。<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:0;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0;float:left"></div></body></html>宇宙的微波背景CMB噪音不是早就被证明了吗？（而且CMB在宇宙处处相等）
<html><head></head><body><br /> 宇宙的微波背景CMB噪音不是早就被证明了吗？（而且CMB在宇宙处处相等）<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:0;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0;float:left"></div></body></html>把俺卖了也买不起一个那样的相机。算了，还是玩俺的泥坑吧。
<html><head></head><body><br /> 把俺卖了也买不起一个那样的相机。算了，还是玩俺的泥坑吧。<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:0;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0;float:left"></div></body></html>这回测的是CMB的极化特性B-mode,据称只有重力波才能产生，因此提供了重力波存在的新证据
<html><head></head><body><table cellpadding="8" height="100%" width="100%"><tr><td valign="top"><br /><div>而这次测的引起B-mode的重力波，和你所说的由于大质量星体运动导致光线弯曲的那种重力波不同。后者</div><div>出现在较年轻的宇宙，前者是Big Bang的最初那个Bang的时候出现。观测上，前者是个比较小尺度的视角上看到，</div><div>而这次所见的有3°左右的视角，很大，和前者是不一样的特征。</div><br /><br /> <div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-BOTTOM:10px"><br /><img src="/img/sign.gif" />---<div style="width:450px;MARGIN-LEFT:10px"><div></div><br /><input src="http://farm1.static.flickr.com/159/346109651_87e775379d_o.jpg" style="CURSOR: default" type="image" width="150" /><br /><br /></div></div></td></tr></table></body></html>受教了，学了两新成语[:-K]
<html><head></head><body><br /> 受教了，学了两新成语 <img border="0" src="/img/20.gif" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-BOTTOM:10px"><br /><img src="/img/sign.gif" />---<div style="width:450px;MARGIN-LEFT:10px"><div></div><br /><input src="http://farm1.static.flickr.com/159/346109651_87e775379d_o.jpg" style="CURSOR: default" type="image" width="150" /><br /><br /></div></div></body></html>俺的小学老师怎么没有教过俺“CMB的极化特性B-mode”？[:-K][:-K][:-Q][:-Q]
<html><head></head><body><br /> 俺的小学老师怎么没有教过俺“CMB的极化特性B-mode”？ <img border="0" src="/img/20.gif" /> <img border="0" src="/img/20.gif" /> <img border="0" src="/img/23.gif" /> <img border="0" src="/img/23.gif" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:0;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0;float:left"></div></body></html>纠正一下中文，免得挨砖[:-K]。中文应该叫引力波，中文的重力波另有所指
<html><head></head><body><table cellpadding="8" height="100%" width="100%"><tr><td valign="top"><br /><div>BBC看来还不如俺半吊子来得专业<img src="/img/20.gif" style="line-height: 17pt;" /><span style="line-height: 17pt;">，新闻稿中全篇都</span><span style="line-height: 17pt;">用gravity waves，</span></div><div><span style="line-height: 17pt;">这是重大失误</span><span style="line-height: 17pt;">，应该叫gravitational waves。</span></div><br /><br /> <div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-BOTTOM:10px"><br /><img src="/img/sign.gif" />---<div style="width:450px;MARGIN-LEFT:10px"><div></div><br /><input src="http://farm1.static.flickr.com/159/346109651_87e775379d_o.jpg" style="CURSOR: default" type="image" width="150" /><br /><br /></div></div></td></tr></table></body></html>俺今天开车听NPR说这事儿，科普的不错，俺也觉得需要重上小学[:>]
<html><head></head><body><br /> 俺今天开车听NPR说这事儿，科普的不错，俺也觉得需要重上小学 <img border="0" src="/img/11.gif" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-BOTTOM:10px"><br /><img src="/img/sign.gif" />---<div style="width:450px;MARGIN-LEFT:10px"><div></div><input src="http://music.ddupload.com/show.aspx?id=80716.jpg" style="CURSOR: default" type="image" width="200" /><div> </div><div>拜晴MM所赐, 帅<img src="http://www.topchinesenews.com/img/23.gif" /></div></div></div></body></html>见过“不明觉厉”， 不知道“喜大普奔”是啥东东[:-K]
<html><head></head><body><table cellpadding="8" height="100%" width="100%"><tr><td valign="top"><br />网络改变了生活，俺决定多用网络成语，不卖糕了，<img src="/img/16.gif" /><br /><br /> <div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-BOTTOM:10px"><br /><img src="/img/sign.gif" />---<div style="width:450px;MARGIN-LEFT:10px"><div></div><input src="http://music.ddupload.com/show.aspx?id=80716.jpg" style="CURSOR: default" type="image" width="200" /><div> </div><div>拜晴MM所赐, 帅<img src="http://www.topchinesenews.com/img/23.gif" /></div></div></div></td></tr></table></body></html>Big Bang有没有中文译名？
<html><head></head><body><br /> Big Bang有没有中文译名？<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-BOTTOM:10px"><br /><img src="/img/sign.gif" />---<div style="width:450px;MARGIN-LEFT:10px"><div></div><input src="http://music.ddupload.com/show.aspx?id=101983.jpg" style="CURSOR: default" type="image" /><br /><br /></div></div></body></html>大爆炸[:-K]
<html><head></head><body><br /> 大爆炸 <img border="0" src="/img/20.gif" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-BOTTOM:10px"><br /><img src="/img/sign.gif" />---<div style="width:450px;MARGIN-LEFT:10px"><div></div><input src="http://music.ddupload.com/show.aspx?id=80716.jpg" style="CURSOR: default" type="image" width="200" /><div> </div><div>拜晴MM所赐, 帅<img src="http://www.topchinesenews.com/img/23.gif" /></div></div></div></body></html>好！[:-Q]
<html><head></head><body><br /> 好！ <img border="0" src="/img/23.gif" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-BOTTOM:10px"><br /><img src="/img/sign.gif" />---<div style="width:450px;MARGIN-LEFT:10px"><div></div><input src="http://music.ddupload.com/show.aspx?id=101983.jpg" style="CURSOR: default" type="image" /><br /><br /></div></div></body></html>盘古开天地 - 五个字，好像有点长
<html><head></head><body><br /> 盘古开天地 - 五个字，好像有点长<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-BOTTOM:10px"><br /><img src="/img/sign.gif" />---<div style="width:450px;MARGIN-LEFT:10px"><input src="http://tdnazg.bay.livefilestore.com/y1pW3hkijJAabj2ucNbeij8MSwTAm4t-4HOs3iiiWt9Wqsd2iml18wCbzXe86jXQJkNbIIHfCYjYFWNVmnE5mPWkDtCVG9YoQAX/zimages.jpg" style="CURSOR: default" type="image" /></div></div></body></html>大猫GG这个翻译很形象！
<html><head></head><body><br /> 大猫GG这个翻译很形象！<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-BOTTOM:10px"><br /><img src="/img/sign.gif" />---<div style="width:450px;MARGIN-LEFT:10px"><div></div><input src="http://music.ddupload.com/show.aspx?id=101983.jpg" style="CURSOR: default" type="image" /><br /><br /></div></div></body></html>正解[:-Q]
<html><head></head><body><br /> 正解 <img border="0" src="/img/23.gif" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-BOTTOM:10px"><br /><img src="/img/sign.gif" />---<div style="width:450px;MARGIN-LEFT:10px"><div></div><br /><input src="http://farm1.static.flickr.com/159/346109651_87e775379d_o.jpg" style="CURSOR: default" type="image" width="150" /><br /><br /></div></div></body></html>文学青年洋洋洒洒下笔千言都不嫌长，5个字太短了[:-K]
<html><head></head><body><br /> 文学青年洋洋洒洒下笔千言都不嫌长，5个字太短了 <img border="0" src="/img/20.gif" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="MARGIN-TOP:20px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-BOTTOM:10px"><br /><img src="/img/sign.gif" />---<div style="width:450px;MARGIN-LEFT:10px"><div></div><br /><input src="http://farm1.static.flickr.com/159/346109651_87e775379d_o.jpg" style="CURSOR: default" type="image" width="150" /><br /><br /></div></div></body></html>
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